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Which is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Neuron
B. Nephron
C. Alveolus
D. Villus
Correct Answer Is Option = Nephron
Notes / Explanation
The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which is the tiny structure within the kidney that carries out the essential work of filtering the blood and forming urine. The kidneys are a pair of organs in the body whose main task is to clean the blood by removing waste products and excess substances and to help regulate the amount of water and various important substances in the body, thereby keeping the internal conditions of the body in a healthy balance. This vital work of the kidneys is carried out by a very large number of these tiny functional units, so that each kidney contains a great many nephrons, and it is the combined action of all these units that enables the kidney to perform its function. Each nephron works like a tiny filtering and processing system. It receives blood, and from this blood it filters out water together with waste products and various dissolved substances, forming a fluid. As this fluid then passes along the nephron, the body reclaims from it the water and the useful substances that it needs to keep, returning them to the blood, while the waste products and the excess substances that the body needs to get rid of are left behind and pass out as urine. In this way each nephron carefully separates what the body needs to keep from what it needs to remove, and the urine that is finally produced carries away the waste. The work of the nephrons is essential for the health of the body, because the waste products that they remove would be harmful if they were allowed to build up, and the balance of water and important substances that they maintain is necessary for the proper functioning of the body. The kidneys, through the action of their nephrons, thus act as the filtering and cleaning system of the body, and they also play a role in other important functions. The study of the nephron and the working of the kidney is an important part of the study of the human body. For PPSC and other competitive examinations, the key points to remember are that the functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, that each kidney contains a very large number of nephrons, that each nephron filters the blood and forms urine while returning useful substances and water to the body, and that the work of the nephrons removes harmful waste and keeps the internal balance of the body healthy.
