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Which is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?
A. Nephron
B. Neuron
C. Alveolus
D. Platelet
Correct Answer Is Option = Neuron
Notes / Explanation
The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron, which is the special kind of cell that carries the messages and signals that pass through the nervous system of the body. The nervous system is the system that controls and coordinates the activities of the body, allowing the different parts of the body to communicate with one another and enabling the body to sense its surroundings, to respond to what happens, and to carry out actions and thoughts. This system includes the brain, the spinal cord and the network of nerves that reaches throughout the body, and the whole of this system is made up of vast numbers of neurons working together. The neuron is a cell that is specially adapted for the task of carrying signals. It typically has a central part containing the control centre of the cell, together with fine thread-like extensions that reach out from it, some of which receive signals coming from other cells while another may carry signals onward to the next cell. In this way, the neurons are connected together in great networks, and signals in the form of tiny electrical impulses can travel along the neurons and be passed from one neuron to the next, allowing messages to be carried very rapidly over long distances within the body. Through the action of the neurons, information about what is happening in the body and in the surroundings is carried to the brain and spinal cord, where it is processed, and instructions are then sent out to the muscles and other parts of the body so that the appropriate responses and actions can take place. The neurons therefore make possible everything that the nervous system does, including sensing, moving, thinking, remembering and feeling. Because of their special function, neurons have some unusual features compared with other cells of the body. The study of the neuron and the nervous system is a fascinating and important part of the study of the human body, and it helps to explain how the body is controlled and how the mind works. For PPSC and other competitive examinations, the key points to remember are that the basic functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron, that the neuron is a special cell adapted to carry signals, that neurons are connected together in networks and carry signals as tiny electrical impulses, and that the action of the neurons makes possible sensing, movement, thought and all the functions of the nervous system.
