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The process by which green plants prepare their own food using sunlight is called?
A. Respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Transpiration
D. Digestion
Correct Answer Is Option = Photosynthesis
Notes / Explanation
The process by which green plants prepare their own food using sunlight is called photosynthesis, and it is one of the most important natural processes on Earth, because it forms the foundation of almost all life on the planet. Unlike animals, which must obtain their food by eating plants or other animals, green plants have the remarkable ability to make their own food from simple raw materials using the energy of sunlight. This ability sets plants apart and makes them the primary producers of food on which nearly all other living things ultimately depend. The process of photosynthesis takes place mainly in the leaves of plants, which contain a green pigment that gives plants their colour and which plays a central role in capturing the energy of sunlight. During photosynthesis, the plant takes in a gas from the air through tiny openings in its leaves, and it draws up water from the soil through its roots. Using the energy captured from sunlight by the green pigment, the plant combines the gas and the water to produce a kind of sugar, which serves as food for the plant and provides it with energy for growth and other activities. As a by-product of this process, the plant releases a gas into the air, and this released gas is the very gas that humans and animals need to breathe in order to survive. In this way photosynthesis serves two vital purposes at the same time, producing food and releasing the gas that sustains animal life. The importance of photosynthesis can hardly be overstated. It is the original source of the food energy that flows through the living world, because the plants that make food through photosynthesis are eaten by animals, which in turn may be eaten by other animals, so that the energy first captured from sunlight passes along the chain of living things. Photosynthesis is also responsible for maintaining the balance of gases in the atmosphere, ensuring a continuous supply of the gas that animals breathe and removing the gas that they breathe out. The vast forests and the tiny plants of the oceans together carry out photosynthesis on an enormous scale. For PPSC and other competitive examinations, the key points to remember are that photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make their own food using sunlight, that it takes place mainly in the leaves with the help of the green pigment, that it requires a gas from the air and water from the soil, and that it releases the gas that animals need to breathe.
