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The agreement drawn up by the Prophet (PBUH) to govern the affairs of Madina is known as?
A. The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
B. The Charter of Madina
C. The Pledge of Aqaba
D. The Farewell Sermon
Correct Answer Is Option = The Charter of Madina
Notes / Explanation
The agreement drawn up by the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, to govern the affairs of the city of Madina is known as the Charter of Madina, sometimes also called the Constitution of Madina, and it is regarded as a document of great historical importance. When the Prophet migrated from Makkah to Madina, he arrived in a city that was inhabited by a mixture of different groups, including the Muslims who had migrated with him, the Muslims who were already living in the city, and various other communities with their own beliefs and traditions, as well as the different tribes of the city who had a long history of rivalry and conflict among themselves. In order to establish peace, order and cooperation among these different groups and to organise the affairs of the city on a just basis, the Prophet drew up an agreement that set out the rights and duties of the various communities and the rules by which they would live together. This agreement is considered remarkable because it established a framework for a society made up of different groups living together under a common set of principles. It recognised the different communities and granted them certain rights, including the freedom to follow their own religion, while at the same time binding them together as members of a single community for the purposes of mutual defence and the common good. It set out obligations such as cooperation in the defence of the city against external attack, the settlement of disputes according to agreed principles, and the maintenance of peace and security. In this way the agreement laid the foundation for the first organised Islamic state and provided a model of how a diverse society could be governed in a just and orderly manner. The Charter of Madina is often studied as an early example of a written agreement setting out the basis of government and the relationship between the ruler and the various communities of a state, and it reflects the principles of justice, cooperation and respect for the rights of different groups. It played an important part in creating stability and unity in the early Muslim community at Madina. For PPSC and other competitive examinations, the key points to remember are that the agreement drawn up by the Prophet to govern Madina is known as the Charter of Madina, that it set out the rights and duties of the different communities of the city, that it bound them together for mutual defence and the common good while granting religious freedom, and that it laid the foundation for the first organised Islamic state.
