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The first war between Pakistan and India over Kashmir took place in which year?
A. 1947
B. 1948
C. 1965
D. 1971
Correct Answer Is Option = 1948
Notes / Explanation
The first war between Pakistan and India over the disputed region of Kashmir took place in 1948, very soon after the two countries had gained independence, and it marked the beginning of a conflict over the territory that has continued to shape relations between the two neighbours ever since. At the time of partition, the princely states were given the option of joining either of the two new states, and the decision was generally expected to reflect the wishes of the people and the geographical situation of each state. The state of Jammu and Kashmir had a large Muslim majority population, and its location made it natural for it to be associated with the new Muslim state. However, the ruler of the state was reluctant to make a decision, and the resulting uncertainty, combined with reports of unrest and the suffering of the local population, led to an armed confrontation. Tribal fighters and volunteers moved into the territory, and the situation soon developed into a direct military conflict involving the regular forces of both countries. The fighting continued for several months across the difficult mountainous terrain of the region, with each side gaining control over different portions of the territory. The war was eventually brought to an end through the intervention of the international community, and a ceasefire was arranged under the supervision of the United Nations. As a result of the ceasefire, the region was divided between the two countries along a line that separated the areas controlled by each side. The international body also passed resolutions calling for the future of the territory to be decided through a plebiscite in which the people themselves would express their wishes, but this plebiscite was never held, and the dispute remained unresolved. The first Kashmir war therefore left behind a divided territory and an unsettled question that became a permanent source of tension, leading to further conflicts in later years. For PPSC and other competitive examinations, the essential points to remember are that the first war over Kashmir took place in 1948, that it arose from the uncertainty over the accession of the state, that it ended through a United Nations supervised ceasefire, and that it left the territory divided and the dispute unresolved.
