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The branch of biology that deals with the study of heredity is called?
A. Ecology
B. Genetics
C. Anatomy
D. Botany
Correct Answer Is Option = Genetics
Notes / Explanation
The branch of biology that deals with the study of heredity is called genetics, and it is one of the most important and fascinating fields in the whole of the life sciences. Heredity refers to the process by which characteristics are passed on from parents to their offspring, and it explains why children tend to resemble their parents in many ways, such as in their physical features, and why members of the same family often share similar traits. Genetics is the science that seeks to understand how this transfer of characteristics takes place, what carries the information from one generation to the next, and how variations between individuals arise. The foundation of modern genetics was laid by the careful experiments of an early scientist who studied the way certain features were passed on in pea plants, and through his patient observations he discovered the basic rules that govern the inheritance of traits. His work showed that characteristics are passed on in distinct units, and these units are now known as genes. A gene is the basic unit of heredity, and genes are carried on thread-like structures found within the cells of the body. Each living organism inherits a set of genes from its parents, and these genes contain the instructions that determine many of its characteristics, working like a kind of code that guides the development and functioning of the organism. The study of genetics has revealed how these instructions are stored, copied and passed on, and how changes in the genetic material can lead to variation and sometimes to inherited conditions. Genetics has enormous practical importance in many fields. In agriculture, an understanding of heredity allows farmers and scientists to develop improved varieties of crops and breeds of animals that are more productive, more resistant to disease and better suited to particular conditions. In medicine, genetics helps in understanding, diagnosing and treating many inherited disorders, and it has opened the way to remarkable advances in the treatment of disease. The field continues to develop rapidly, and it has become one of the most active and influential areas of modern science. For PPSC and other competitive examinations, the key points to remember are that genetics is the branch of biology that studies heredity, that the basic unit of heredity is the gene, that the foundations of genetics were laid through experiments on the inheritance of traits in plants, and that genetics has important applications in agriculture and medicine.
